Spring JPA fetch test

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spring

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spring boot

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spring jpa

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fetch

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Rey viết ngày 19/01/2019

I used Spring boot, Hibernate few times back then at University, I'v started using it again recently.

In this project, I want to check how Spring JPA loads an entity and its relationships. How it deals with @xToOne and @xToMany relationships.

Data diagram:

Order have many relationships, some is @ManyToOne, 1 is @OneToMany.

Test with findById()

Here is the logs when we execute findById(orderId)

Hibernate: 
    select
        order0_.id as id1_4_0_,
        order0_.customer_id as customer3_4_0_,
        order0_.name as name2_4_0_,
        user1_.id as id1_7_1_,
        user1_.card_id as card_id3_7_1_,
        user1_.city_id as city_id4_7_1_,
        user1_.name as name2_7_1_,
        idcard2_.id as id1_2_2_,
        idcard2_.card_number as card_num2_2_2_,
        idcard2_.type_id as type_id3_2_2_,
        city3_.id as id1_0_3_,
        city3_.country_id as country_3_0_3_,
        city3_.name as name2_0_3_ 
    from
        orders order0_ 
    left outer join
        user user1_ 
            on order0_.customer_id=user1_.id 
    left outer join
        idcard idcard2_ 
            on user1_.card_id=idcard2_.id 
    left outer join
        city city3_ 
            on user1_.city_id=city3_.id 
    where
        order0_.id=?
Hibernate: 
    select
        idcardtype0_.id as id1_3_0_,
        idcardtype0_.name as name2_3_0_ 
    from
        idcard_type idcardtype0_ 
    where
        idcardtype0_.id=?
Hibernate: 
    select
        country0_.id as id1_1_0_,
        country0_.name as name2_1_0_,
        country0_.union_id as union_id3_1_0_,
        union1_.id as id1_6_1_,
        union1_.name as name2_6_1_ 
    from
        country country0_ 
    left outer join
        unions union1_ 
            on country0_.union_id=union1_.id 
    where
        country0_.id=?

Spring boot load all the @ManyToOne relationships using 1 join query.
But it can not load all the thing at 1 query, the relationship order.customer.city have it owns relationship is Country, 1 extra query is executed for Country, and another one for IDCardType.

Test with findAll()

Here is the logs when we execute findAll():

Hibernate: 
    select
        order0_.id as id1_4_,
        order0_.customer_id as customer3_4_,
        order0_.name as name2_4_ 
    from
        orders order0_
Hibernate: 
    select
        user0_.id as id1_7_0_,
        user0_.card_id as card_id3_7_0_,
        user0_.city_id as city_id4_7_0_,
        user0_.name as name2_7_0_,
        idcard1_.id as id1_2_1_,
        idcard1_.card_number as card_num2_2_1_,
        idcard1_.type_id as type_id3_2_1_,
        idcardtype2_.id as id1_3_2_,
        idcardtype2_.name as name2_3_2_,
        city3_.id as id1_0_3_,
        city3_.country_id as country_3_0_3_,
        city3_.name as name2_0_3_,
        country4_.id as id1_1_4_,
        country4_.name as name2_1_4_,
        country4_.union_id as union_id3_1_4_ 
    from
        user user0_ 
    left outer join
        idcard idcard1_ 
            on user0_.card_id=idcard1_.id 
    left outer join
        idcard_type idcardtype2_ 
            on idcard1_.type_id=idcardtype2_.id 
    left outer join
        city city3_ 
            on user0_.city_id=city3_.id 
    left outer join
        country country4_ 
            on city3_.country_id=country4_.id 
    where
        user0_.id=?
Hibernate: 
    select
        union0_.id as id1_6_0_,
        union0_.name as name2_6_0_ 
    from
        unions union0_ 
    where
        union0_.id=?

We have 1 query for all orders, and 1 extra query for each relationship of order.
Even if we change the fetch mode to JOIN @Fetch(FetchMode.JOIN), Spring JPA still behaves the same way.

Test with custom functions:

I tested with some custom functions belove, the result is the same with findAll and findById.

    @Query("SELECT o FROM orders o WHERE o.id IN ?1")
    List<Order> findByIds(List<Integer> ids);

    @Query("SELECT o FROM orders o WHERE o.name = ?1")
    Order findByName(String name);

So:

• Spring JPA does not work as my assumtion, I thought default fetch type is always LAZY. But Default fetch type of @ManyToOne and @OneToOne relationships is EAGERly, while default of @OneToMany and @ManyToMany is LAZYly.
• findById() will load all the EAGER relationship by using join, some extra queries can be executed for complex relationships.
• findAll() will load all the EAGER relationship by using a separate query,no matter the fetch mode is defined or not (which is not good). This is a kind of N+1 problem I think.
• With complex model with hundred of entities, Spring JPA may be load many entities with just a simple function like findById()

Question:

What is the best practice here? For small application, this is not a big deal, but for medium or big application, this will increase the database load a lot.

Should we fetch all the relationship LAZYly? and manually defind the query only load the information that we need?

Rey 20-01-2019